> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.botbrains.io/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# AI Cold Calling Laws in Slovakia

> Is AI cold calling legal in Slovakia? Consent rules for automated calls under §116 of Act 452/2021, the nevyziadanevolania.sk list, 0888 prefix, AI disclosure.

export const reviewed_0 = "October 2026"

In Slovakia, an AI agent may only make marketing calls to people and companies who gave you prior, provable consent. Section 116(3) of the Electronic Communications Act ([zákon č. 452/2021 Z. z.](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/)) sets this rule for automated calling systems. It has no exception for businesses or existing customers. Since November 12, 2025, you may not call anyone to ask for that consent, and marketing calls must come from a number starting with 0888.

<Note>
  This page summarizes the law as of {reviewed_0} to help you plan AI phone calls. It isn't legal advice. Laws and how regulators apply them change, so check your use case with a lawyer before you start a campaign.
</Note>

## At a glance

| Call | To consumers (B2C) | To businesses (B2B) |
| - | - | - |
| Inbound service call | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed. Disclose the AI and the recording. | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed. Disclose the AI and the recording. |
| Outbound service call | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed |
| Marketing callback the person asked for | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed. The request is your consent, so keep proof. | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed. The request is your consent, so keep proof. |
| Marketing call by an AI agent | <Icon icon="signature" color="#d97706" /> Consent required. This includes existing customers. Screen the register and call from a 0888 number, unless you call your own customers. | <Icon icon="signature" color="#d97706" /> Consent required. The rule covers companies too. This includes existing customers. |
| Marketing call by a human to existing customers | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed for your own similar products, for up to one year after the contract ends. You don't need a register check or a 0888 number. Offer a free opt-out on every call. | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed for your own similar products, for up to one year after the contract ends. You don't need a register check or a 0888 number. Offer a free opt-out on every call. |
| Cold marketing call by a human | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed unless registered. Call from a 0888 number. | <Icon icon="circle-check" color="#16a34a" /> Allowed unless registered. Calls to published business numbers don't need a 0888 number. |

## Is AI cold calling legal in Slovakia?

Only with consent. [§116(3)](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/#paragraf-116) reads:

> "Na účely priameho marketingu je dovolené používanie automatických volacích a komunikačných systémov bez ľudského zásahu \[…] len s jeho predchádzajúcim preukázateľným súhlasom získaným pred kontaktovaním účastníka alebo užívateľa."

In English: you may use automated calling and communication systems without human intervention for direct marketing only with the subscriber's or user's prior, provable consent, obtained before you contact them.

**The rule covers businesses.** The law protects every user ("užívateľ"), meaning any person who uses a public telephone service ([§3(h)](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/#paragraf-3)), so companies and sole traders count. The exceptions for published business contacts and existing customers in §116(15) apply to email, SMS, and MMS only, not to automated calls.

**AI agents most likely count.** No Slovak regulator or court has ruled on conversational AI. The regulator RÚ lists "volanie živej osoby" (a call by a live person) and "volanie prostredníctvom automatu" (a call by a machine) as separate forms ([RÚ](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/urad/odbory-oddelenia/odbor-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/nevyziadana-komunikacia/informacie-verejnost-ohladom-nevyziadanej-komunikacie/)). An AI agent that runs the conversation has no human intervention. A human who supervises or can take over doesn't clearly change this, so treat every AI agent call as automated.

**Surveys count as marketing.** Since [zákon č. 297/2025 Z. z.](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2025/297/) took effect on November 12, 2025, direct marketing includes gathering information about goods and services from the person called (§116(2)).

## Cold calls by a human

A human may make marketing calls without consent, with three limits:

1. **Register.** You may not call a number listed in the national register for your marketing category, or anyone who objected to you ([§116(8)](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/#paragraf-116)). The register covers company numbers too.
2. **0888 prefix.** Call from a number in the (0)888 range ([§116(12)](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/#paragraf-116), [§18(14) of decree 286/2022](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2022/286/)). Calls to published numbers of companies and sole traders are exempt.
3. **No calls to collect consent.** Since November 12, 2025, §116(4) bans any call that asks for consent to marketing, whether a human or a machine makes it ([RÚ](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/urad/aktuality/tlacove-spravy/urad-sprisnil-podmienky-vykonavania-priameho-marketingu-vyssia-ochrana-obcanov-pred-nevyziadanym-marketingom.html)).

You can't use human calls to collect consent for later AI calls.

## Existing customers and callback requests

**Existing customers.** [§116(14)](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/#paragraf-116) lets a human call your customers about your own similar products, even if they're on the register and without a 0888 number. Offer a free opt-out when you collect the number and on every call. Since November 2025, this works for one year after the contract ends (§116(16)). A one-off purchase ends at delivery and payment ([RÚ](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/urad/odbory-oddelenia/odbor-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/nevyziadana-komunikacia/informacie-podnikatelov-kori-chcu-vykonavat-telemarketing/)). §116(14) doesn't lift the consent rule in §116(3), so an AI agent still needs consent here.

**Partner products don't qualify.** In 2024, RÚ fined a company EUR 4,000 for offering a partner insurer's product to its own customers from a regular number ([decision 1685/OŠD/2024-2815](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/images/urad/odbory-oddelenia/odbor-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/rozhodnutia-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/anonym_rozhodnutie-ulozeni-pokuty_rozhodnutie-rozklade_.pdf)).

**Callback requests.** Someone who asked for your offer may get a call without a register check or 0888 number (§116(14)). For an AI agent, collect the request on a form that says an AI agent will call, for example a landing page where visitors leave their number. That request is your consent.

## Do-not-call register: Nevyžiadané volania

| Item | Detail |
| - | - |
| Name | Zoznam telefónnych čísel pre zamedzenie nevyžiadaných marketingových volaní |
| Website | [nevyziadanevolania.sk](https://www.nevyziadanevolania.sk), run by RÚ since November 1, 2022 |
| Covers | Every Slovak number, mobile and landline, of people and companies alike |
| Categories | People block all marketing or chosen categories, such as energy, telecoms, finance, or insurance ([decree 368/2022, §4](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2022/368/)) |
| Your duty | Register as a marketer, then check every number before you call ([§116(10)](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/#paragraf-116)) |
| Updates | Entries take effect on the 1st or 16th of each month, so screen at least twice a month |
| Fees | EUR 10 up to 10,000 numbers, EUR 20 up to 100,000, EUR 100 up to 1 million, EUR 300 up to 5 million (decree 368/2022, §7) |

**The register still matters with consent.** Consent only overrides an entry if the person gave it after their last register update (§116(8)). botBrains doesn't screen lists for you.

## Consent for AI calls

| Requirement | What it means |
| - | - |
| Standard | Free, specific, informed, and unambiguous, as in [GDPR Art. 4(11)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj) (§116(5)). Name AI agent calls, your company, and the purpose. |
| Timing and channel | Get it before the first contact, and never by call, SMS, or email (§116(3) and (4)). Use web forms, ads, contracts, or your store. |
| Withdrawal | Say how to withdraw when you collect it. Confirm every withdrawal or objection provably within 30 days (§116(5) and (6)). |
| Proof | You carry the burden. Keep the consent on a durable medium for four years after withdrawal, and the confirmation of withdrawal for four years too. |
| Purchased lists | The consent must name the company you call for (§116(8)). Ask vendors for the consent text, method, and evidence. |

Keep the timestamp, number, form version, and consent text per contact. botBrains asks for consent evidence first, see [before you start outbound campaigns](/concepts/phone/countries#before-you-start-outbound-campaigns).

## Tell callers they're talking to an AI

Since August 2, 2026, [Article 50 of the EU AI Act](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L_202401689#art_50) requires that people know they're talking to an AI system, at the latest when the conversation starts. This applies to inbound and outbound calls, to consumers and to business contacts, and you can't count on the exception for obvious cases when your AI agent sounds human. The [default introduction](/concepts/phone#introductions) already says that your AI agent is an AI, so keep that statement first when you edit it. When you call a consumer to sell something, the [Consumer Rights Directive](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/83/oj/eng) also requires you to name your company, anyone you call for, and the commercial purpose at the start.

Under [§17(1) of the Consumer Protection Act](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2024/108/), a call that offers a consumer a new or changed contract must start with your business name and address, the commercial purpose, and the fact that the product costs money. Slovak law has no separate AI disclosure rule.

Outbound marketing call. Replace `[téma]` with the purpose:

```text theme={null}
Dobrý deň, tu {agent_name} zo spoločnosti {project_name}. Som umelá inteligencia. Volám vám s ponukou [téma], pretože ste nám na to dali súhlas. Hovor nahrávame. Ak s nahrávaním nesúhlasíte, kedykoľvek stlačte hviezdičku. Ak si neželáte, aby sme vám ešte volali, povedzte mi to a už vám volať nebudeme.
```

Inbound call:

```text theme={null}
Dobrý deň, tu {agent_name} zo spoločnosti {project_name}. Som umelá inteligencia. Hovor nahrávame. Ak s nahrávaním nesúhlasíte, kedykoľvek stlačte hviezdičku. Ako vám môžem pomôcť?
```

Edit the text under [introductions](/concepts/phone#introductions). Use [guidance](/concepts/guidance) to make the agent honor "nevolajte mi" and a [Unitool](/concepts/unitools) to write it to your CRM. Then confirm the objection provably within 30 days, for example by email or text message, and keep that confirmation for four years.

## Call recording

[§12(1) of the Civil Code](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/1964/40/) lets you make or use a sound recording of a person only with their consent ("privolenie"). Criminal liability under [§377 of the Criminal Code](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2005/300/) needs more: an unlawful recording of private words that you pass on or use, causing serious harm.

Under the GDPR, you need a lawful basis and notice at the start (Art. 13). ÚOOÚ, the data protection authority, says call recording usually relies on consent but can work without it if you meet every duty, especially transparency ([ÚOOÚ](https://dataprotection.gov.sk/sk/aktuality/rozhovor-predsednicky-uradu-ochrane-osobnych-udajov-ich-vyzname-pravidlach-ci-nastrahach-praxi.html)). In 2024 it found that a health insurer broke the GDPR when its call center didn't keep recordings for the five years it had announced ([annual report 2024, 9.1.5](https://dataprotection.gov.sk/files/annual-reports/sprava-o-stave-ochrany-osobnych-udajov-2024.pdf)).

Announce the recording and let people refuse. In botBrains, the star key stops the recording and discards it, and the transcript stays. Voice is biometric data only when you process it to identify someone ([GDPR Art. 4(14), Art. 9](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj)), which quality recording doesn't do.

## Caller ID and calling hours

| Topic | Rule |
| - | - |
| Marketing prefix | Marketing calls must show a (0)888 number. Exceptions: published business numbers, your own customers, and people who asked for your offer (§116(12) and (14)). A regular local number doesn't meet the rule. botBrains provides local numbers per country on request. |
| Calling hours | No statutory hours. botBrains doesn't enforce calling hours, so set them yourself. |
| Frequency | Persistent, unwanted phone offers to consumers are an aggressive practice ([Consumer Protection Act, Annex 1](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2024/108/), aggressive practices, point 3). |
| Voicemail | The AI agent hangs up without leaving a message. |

## Sector rules

| Sector | Rule |
| - | - |
| All consumer sales by phone | The contract only exists once the consumer sends agreement to the offer on a durable medium, such as an email or signed form ([§17(1) Consumer Protection Act](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2024/108/)). An AI agent can't close the sale on the call alone. |
| Energy | Households can withdraw from an electricity or gas supply contract within 14 days, or 30 days after an unsolicited visit, also when a third party sold it ([§17(1)(e) and (2) Energy Act](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2012/251/)). ÚRSO enforces the phone sales rules for energy suppliers. |
| Health insurance | Health insurers may not recruit members through paid agents or intermediaries ([§6(9) of zákon č. 581/2004 Z. z.](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2004/581/)). |
| Register categories | People can block single sectors on the register, so screen for the category you sell in. |

## Fines and enforcement

| Regulator | Scope | Maximum fine |
| - | - | - |
| RÚ (telecom regulator) | §116 and the register | EUR 200 to 5% of last year's turnover, or up to EUR 300,000 without turnover ([§124(3) and (6)](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/#paragraf-124)) |
| SOI (trade inspection), ÚRSO (energy), NBS (central bank) | Consumer Protection Act, including §17 | EUR 200 to 2% of turnover, capped at EUR 200,000, or 4% in EU-wide actions (§43) |
| ÚOOÚ | GDPR | EUR 20 million or 4% of worldwide turnover |
| AI Act authority | Art. 50 disclosure | EUR 15 million or 3% of worldwide turnover ([AI Act Art. 99(4)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj)) |

Published RÚ fines are small so far: EUR 4,000 in 2024 for calls without 0888, EUR 1,200 in January 2025 for investment offers to six company numbers on the register, and EUR 400 in January 2026 for a single call to a listed number ([RÚ decisions](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/urad/odbory-oddelenia/odbor-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/rozhodnutia-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/)). We found no case on AI agents. The version of the Act in force from January 1, 2027, leaves §116 unchanged.

## Sources

* [Electronic Communications Act (zákon č. 452/2021 Z. z.), §3, §116, §124](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2021/452/)
* [Amending act zákon č. 297/2025 Z. z.](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2025/297/)
* [RÚ decree 368/2022 Z. z. on the register](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2022/368/) and [decree 286/2022 Z. z. on the numbering plan, §18(14)](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2022/286/)
* [RÚ, information for telemarketers](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/urad/odbory-oddelenia/odbor-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/nevyziadana-komunikacia/informacie-podnikatelov-kori-chcu-vykonavat-telemarketing/) and [information for the public](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/urad/odbory-oddelenia/odbor-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/nevyziadana-komunikacia/informacie-verejnost-ohladom-nevyziadanej-komunikacie/)
* [RÚ, press release on the stricter rules from November 2025](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/urad/aktuality/tlacove-spravy/urad-sprisnil-podmienky-vykonavania-priameho-marketingu-vyssia-ochrana-obcanov-pred-nevyziadanym-marketingom.html)
* [RÚ, published supervision decisions](https://www.teleoff.gov.sk/urad/odbory-oddelenia/odbor-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/rozhodnutia-statneho-dohladu-elektronickych-komunikacii/)
* [Register for unwanted marketing calls](https://www.nevyziadanevolania.sk)
* [Consumer Protection Act (zákon č. 108/2024 Z. z.), §17, §26, §43, Annex 1](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2024/108/)
* [Energy Act (zákon č. 251/2012 Z. z.), §17](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2012/251/)
* [Health Insurance Companies Act (zákon č. 581/2004 Z. z.), §6](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2004/581/)
* [Civil Code (zákon č. 40/1964 Zb.), §11 and §12](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/1964/40/)
* [Criminal Code (zákon č. 300/2005 Z. z.), §377](https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2005/300/)
* [ÚOOÚ, interview with the president on recording](https://dataprotection.gov.sk/sk/aktuality/rozhovor-predsednicky-uradu-ochrane-osobnych-udajov-ich-vyzname-pravidlach-ci-nastrahach-praxi.html) and [annual report 2024](https://dataprotection.gov.sk/files/annual-reports/sprava-o-stave-ochrany-osobnych-udajov-2024.pdf)
* [GDPR, Regulation (EU) 2016/679](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj)
* [AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj)

## Next steps

<Columns cols={2}>
  <Card title="Phone integration" icon="phone" href="/concepts/phone">
    Set up your phone line, introductions, and outbound calls.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Calling laws by country" icon="globe" href="/concepts/phone/countries">
    Compare consent rules for AI calls across the EU, the UK, and the US.
  </Card>
</Columns>


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